Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30634-7c77b4d1a9) Lines: 1422 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-01-25 09:23:13 Functions: 649 707 91.8 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8035582
F2m_copy 200422
F2m_flip 1553251
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12352163
F2v_coeff 661302303
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1553251
F2v_set 101400808
F2v_to_F2x 37568
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12352157
F2x_coeff 667889423
F2x_copy 59699341
F2x_div 1556156
F2x_equal 4603293
F2x_equal1 2873967
F2x_flip 1553251
F2x_renormalize 114276963
F2x_set 124516227
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255857
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6433530
Flm_row 8741475
Flv_copy 2555036
Flx_constant 334024
Flx_copy 173186704
Flx_div 1997980
Flx_div_pre 21689005
Flx_equal1 8329865
Flx_lead 979226
Flx_mulu 1105432
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165410
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4694237
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849917
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5581224
FpX_renormalize 144209892
Fp_add 181416264
Fp_addmul 11302766
Fp_center 77176676
Fp_center_i 18010137
Fp_div 15034455
Fp_divu 15128964
Fp_double 21005103
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23440546
Fp_invsafe 1100360
Fp_mul 200871198
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 69632396
Fp_neg 31480204
Fp_red 82195228
Fp_sqr 64288233
Fp_sub 202901464
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 571440
FqX_Fq_mul 427295
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38568
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 444663
FqX_factor 140946
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 367700
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106364
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 961887068
QV_isscalar 54415695
Q_abs 8062535
Q_abs_shallow 120229
Qtoss 35322
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619852
RgC_gtofp 34028227
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9741916
RgM_fpnorml2 22662
RgM_gtofp 8257533
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22179138
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 140730
RgV_is_ZV 32158275
RgV_isin 110144
RgV_isin_i 110144
RgV_isscalar 1210266
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127635
RgX_coeff 2669861
RgX_copy 103406663
RgX_div 7000642
RgX_equal_var 26883021
RgX_fpnorml2 61495
RgX_gtofp 7144831
RgX_is_QX 399933
RgX_is_ZX 22423285
RgX_is_monomial 1331344
RgX_is_rational 68164
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479367
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479367
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1450976
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697423
ZM_ZV_mod 596492
ZM_hnfrem 363760
ZM_lll 7117479
ZV_ZV_mod 8131535
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23675001
ZV_to_zv 3211407
ZXQ_mul 2161063
ZXQ_sqr 960346
ZX_equal1 12850
ZX_is_monic 7374294
ZX_renormalize 154996768
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 458713
abgrp_get_cyc 12230850
abgrp_get_gen 1765034
abgrp_get_no 354951
absfrac 46638580
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 535781
addmuliu_inplace 59706196
affc_fixlg 249623
affgr 898901
bid_get_MOD 2157266
bid_get_U 3680244
bid_get_arch 41188
bid_get_archp 2397155
bid_get_cyc 5739867
bid_get_fact 2498968
bid_get_fact2 2201586
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804720
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521922
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157995
bin_copy 496051710
bit_accuracy 3155688792
bit_accuracy_mul 3175484
bit_prec 143235534
bnf_get_clgp 5375020
bnf_get_cyc 3686154
bnf_get_fu 25859
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289096
bnf_get_gen 1680320
bnf_get_logfu 2874773
bnf_get_nf 9865140
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367777
bnf_get_tuN 283004
bnf_get_tuU 303584
bnr_get_bid 2046100
bnr_get_bnf 3710952
bnr_get_clgp 2830262
bnr_get_cyc 2522580
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77119
bnr_get_nf 1399085
bnr_get_no 277491
both_odd 123858235
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10166
cgetc 975459
cgiv 102666526
checkell_i 5593265
closure_arity 372108682
closure_codestr 321674473
closure_get_code 0
closure_get_data 321647022
closure_get_dbg 13635
closure_get_frame 14716989
closure_get_oper 321662622
closure_get_text 37079
closure_is_variadic 45904494
col_ei 5924607
coltrunc_init 740250
const_col 9729673
const_vec 34563395
const_vecsmall 19705823
constant_coeff 1441144
cxcompotor 18210901
cxnorm 91199786
cxtofp 9079571
cxtoreal 337206
cyc_get_expo 2757554
cyclic_perm 99911
dbllog2r 92811044
degpol 5502832631
div_content 58504
divsBIL 8088819907
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 8997097
ell_get_a2 7106185
ell_get_a3 8814064
ell_get_a4 8536726
ell_get_a6 10370964
ell_get_b2 7371041
ell_get_b4 2550216
ell_get_b6 3863115
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11018094
ell_get_c6 13474538
ell_get_disc 16815500
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 12498891
ell_is_inf 52340556
ellff_get_a4a6 800043
ellff_get_field 2036878
ellinf 1870041
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027237
equali1 1174356196
equalim1 139505446
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62550
gaddgs 123248629
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15435
gal_get_group 80388
gal_get_invvdm 27874
gal_get_mod 23758
gal_get_orders 6678
gal_get_p 6006
gal_get_pol 36316
gal_get_roots 32732
gc_GEN 255482930
gc_INT 4111442253
gc_INT_affii 8488717
gc_all 109636167
gc_leaf 1140712895
gc_slice 2204208
gc_upto 1954397211
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761925
gdivsg 531592
gen_I 1269694
gener_Fq_local 29946
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1928975
get_F2x_mod 2499287
get_F2x_var 2533969
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 83253359
get_Flx_mod 25595073
get_Flx_var 68351548
get_FlxqX_degree 317565
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264420
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6424463
get_FpX_mod 3394365
get_FpX_var 6957782
gisdouble 2995591
gmax_shallow 13510199
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 877694
gminsg 0
gmulgs 22546757
gmulgu 282059385
gsubgs 1724808
gtodouble 60779145
gtofp 254299201
gtomp 22428
gtos 85855673
gtou 100700
guncloneNULL 48016021
guncloneNULL_deep 1499806
gval 6230
hash_str 2760614
hash_str_len 31630405
icopy_avma 8040256281
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 138435
identity_ZV 8113
identity_perm 3241282
identity_zv 3265632
inf_get_sign 1452937
inv_content 0
is_bigint 563364668
is_const_t 4897782138
is_extscalar_t 6876
is_intreal_t 9584572
is_matvec_t 659065826
is_noncalc_t 85870840
is_pm1 2206032365
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5032494
is_real_t 62062467
is_recursive_t 9237860830
is_scalar_t 375657904
is_universal_constant 326582084
is_vec_t 43942118
isint1 17584779
isintm1 5710171
isintzero 2843512309
ismpzero 9584469
isonstack 8277651008
killblock 1954064
leading_coeff 170261234
leafcopy_avma 577166312
lg_increase 317076157
lgcols 351593150
lgpol 2687867708
lincombii 38216832
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 754838
matpascal 3983
matslice 16818442
mkcol 10639735
mkcol2 156870887
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33550
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 91610344
mkerr 0
mkfrac 41635983
mkfraccopy 4999752
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8092717
mkintmodu 1813
mkmat 4750996
mkmat2 33654192
mkmat22 50280450
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122272
mkmoo 108792
mkoo 1331883
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3103725
mkqfb 27929701
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698439
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 71208965
mkvec2 185174130
mkvec2copy 114528
mkvec2s 220247
mkvec3 120963986
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10093813
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15185749
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122521
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 131600757
mkvecsmall2 234927637
mkvecsmall3 104179803
mkvecsmall4 18662294
mkvecsmall5 1717498
modpr_get_T 13867129
modpr_get_p 1887626
modpr_get_pr 31236648
mul_content 2657129
mul_denom 10707599
mulsubii 3881164
nbits2extraprec 1457815398
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12756116
nbits2prec 186110566
nbrows 157457575
nchar2nlong 127559705
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41584
ndec2prec 33314
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26300
nf_get_G 304868
nf_get_M 21745758
nf_get_Tr 22078
nf_get_degree 71368875
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 463480
nf_get_index 3711389
nf_get_invzk 9767479
nf_get_pol 98107249
nf_get_r1 23466189
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64645
nf_get_roots 1628943
nf_get_roundG 1748176
nf_get_sign 519552
nf_get_varn 1503747
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5459852
nf_get_zkprimpart 5414050
normalize_frac 17205766
odd 2089114991
pari_calloc 47720
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2862
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20018
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 509544929
pari_malloc 745475391
pari_realloc 1890
pari_realloc_ip 2348731
pari_stack_alloc 1021784220
pari_stack_base 1027617295
pari_stack_delete 5861942
pari_stack_init 6353219
pari_stack_new 926482538
pari_stack_pushp 5851
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 2781889
perm_mul 80893670
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 13194410
pol0_Flx 103434779
pol1_F2x 3957623
pol1_Flx 55054155
pol_0 82996568
pol_1 3755682
pol_x 3857075
pol_xn 2249282
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1072737
polx_Flx 37485896
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 1561
powii 43130333
pr_get_e 16161791
pr_get_f 26443068
pr_get_gen 12071135
pr_get_p 92749955
pr_get_tau 49768083
pr_is_inert 17223987
pr_norm 1090462
prec2lg 4467362749
prec2nbits 103956574
prec2nbits_mul 581164
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 475369
qfb_disc 18502550
qfb_disc3 4995780
qfb_is_qfi 62326230
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 7998000197
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763889
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14705245
rowslice 79319449
rowslicepermute 185042
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 10120284
shallowcopy 27631600
sqrfrac 4148240
sqrti 6610129
sqrtnr 2810068
sqrtr 80371006
sstoQ 1097215
sturm 385
submulii 31982591
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60193243
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 1718746
upr_norm 346136
uutoQ 1600198
vec_append 3465064
vec_ei 1713846
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 314000
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11557
vec_to_vecsmall 4036613
veclast 9372726
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 20547261
vecreverse 697277
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 656176820
vecslicepermute 2690247
vecsmall_append 4099598
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464210
vecsmall_copy 4403839
vecsmall_ei 584704
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043259
vecsmall_max 1163959
vecsmall_min 2345
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186970
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75642
vecsmall_to_col 7838690
vecsmall_to_vec 511781
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78698328
vecsmalltrunc_append 100785500
vecsmalltrunc_init 189752947
vecsplice 384928
vectrunc_append 15853794
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11768948
zc_to_ZC 7824508
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845005
zero_F2v 3647458
zero_F2x 1350
zero_Flm 2829254
zero_Flm_copy 238232
zero_Flv 59656230
zero_Flx 1426712
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 36717914
zero_zx 0
zerocol 122326698
zeromat 109069
zeromatcopy 14249410
zeropadic 855691
zeropadic_shallow 17023
zeropol 42353914
zeroser 138908
zerovec 28453556
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38655073
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7979693
znstar_get_conreygen 3290176
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7331711
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 2183783
zv_to_ZV 502982
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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