Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30793-1ceee7ca5f) Lines: 1421 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-04-10 09:27:03 Functions: 650 707 91.9 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8358910
F2m_copy 200660
F2m_flip 1554228
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12361586
F2v_coeff 664436847
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1554228
F2v_set 104114954
F2v_to_F2x 38029
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12361595
F2x_coeff 671098039
F2x_copy 64593146
F2x_div 1570890
F2x_equal 4188139
F2x_equal1 2873681
F2x_flip 1554228
F2x_renormalize 127845510
F2x_set 129999038
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255554
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6434537
Flm_row 8743621
Flv_copy 2059173
Flx_constant 1091683
Flx_copy 175801882
Flx_div 1999841
Flx_div_pre 21708420
Flx_equal1 8196069
Flx_lead 1068265
Flx_mulu 1105436
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165412
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4692080
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849322
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5582007
FpX_renormalize 147009066
Fp_add 183281022
Fp_addmul 11245968
Fp_center 77296605
Fp_center_i 18028977
Fp_div 15034357
Fp_divu 15128874
Fp_double 20773449
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23435987
Fp_invsafe 1097249
Fp_mul 203085112
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 68269289
Fp_neg 32672433
Fp_red 82929551
Fp_sqr 63505493
Fp_sub 200992370
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 572196
FqX_Fq_mul 427285
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38568
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 445019
FqX_factor 140960
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 367936
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106447
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 919014597
QV_isscalar 54417414
Q_abs 8061086
Q_abs_shallow 120223
Qtoss 35364
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619940
RgC_gtofp 34037987
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9954842
RgM_fpnorml2 22655
RgM_gtofp 8258317
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22235689
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 142000
RgV_is_ZV 32095978
RgV_isin 110158
RgV_isin_i 110158
RgV_isscalar 1210269
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127635
RgX_coeff 2889731
RgX_copy 102486962
RgX_div 6997261
RgX_equal_var 26880498
RgX_fpnorml2 61607
RgX_gtofp 7164073
RgX_is_QX 399939
RgX_is_ZX 22315480
RgX_is_monomial 1320086
RgX_is_rational 68159
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479435
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479435
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451140
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697165
ZM_ZV_mod 610673
ZM_hnfrem 401410
ZM_lll 7118045
ZV_ZV_mod 8147106
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23675052
ZV_to_zv 3211715
ZXQ_mul 2166270
ZXQ_sqr 960621
ZX_equal1 10488
ZX_is_monic 7319871
ZX_renormalize 157439634
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 509447
abgrp_get_cyc 12231229
abgrp_get_gen 1765015
abgrp_get_no 406722
absfrac 46991766
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 541679
addmuliu_inplace 59570696
affc_fixlg 249622
affgr 899594
bid_get_MOD 2157256
bid_get_U 3680235
bid_get_arch 41188
bid_get_archp 2397121
bid_get_cyc 5739825
bid_get_fact 2498922
bid_get_fact2 2201575
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804672
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521920
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157984
bin_copy 472888129
bit_accuracy 3145272890
bit_accuracy_mul 3175715
bit_prec 143402945
bnf_get_clgp 5375443
bnf_get_cyc 3686595
bnf_get_fu 25858
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289093
bnf_get_gen 1680302
bnf_get_logfu 2874761
bnf_get_nf 9866278
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367778
bnf_get_tuN 282996
bnf_get_tuU 303579
bnr_get_bid 2046092
bnr_get_bnf 3710949
bnr_get_clgp 2830228
bnr_get_cyc 2522561
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77118
bnr_get_nf 1399079
bnr_get_no 277487
both_odd 123966388
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10136
cgetc 975456
cgiv 105478933
checkell_i 8104008
closure_arity 356307862
closure_codestr 305884476
closure_get_code 28
closure_get_data 305833853
closure_get_dbg 13660
closure_get_frame 14735086
closure_get_oper 305860954
closure_get_text 37150
closure_is_variadic 45934513
col_ei 5925098
coltrunc_init 740257
const_col 9730108
const_vec 34675358
const_vecsmall 18861152
constant_coeff 1441242
cxcompotor 18237695
cxnorm 94094364
cxtofp 9092962
cxtoreal 337203
cyc_get_expo 2757546
cyclic_perm 99932
dbllog2r 94329682
degpol 5532915962
div_content 58510
divsBIL 8240869141
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 17049203
ell_get_a2 11108734
ell_get_a3 12863770
ell_get_a4 10325152
ell_get_a6 10371112
ell_get_b2 7371403
ell_get_b4 2550293
ell_get_b6 3863192
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11018893
ell_get_c6 13474562
ell_get_disc 16816147
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 14946067
ell_is_inf 50173355
ellff_get_a4a6 551473
ellff_get_field 1790640
ellinf 913923
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027203
equali1 1169276795
equalim1 139568155
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62595
gaddgs 123270534
gal_get_den 27866
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15490
gal_get_group 80416
gal_get_invvdm 27873
gal_get_mod 23869
gal_get_orders 6706
gal_get_p 6118
gal_get_pol 36427
gal_get_roots 32843
gc_GEN 246751024
gc_INT 4133910999
gc_INT_affii 11573622
gc_all 102553329
gc_leaf 1166669616
gc_slice 2211150
gc_upto 1971542363
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761928
gdivsg 559711
gen_I 1268842
gener_Fq_local 29945
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1928697
get_F2x_mod 3307680
get_F2x_var 2168864
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 83585302
get_Flx_mod 25499642
get_Flx_var 68247952
get_FlxqX_degree 317580
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264435
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6969267
get_FpX_mod 3387894
get_FpX_var 6952103
gisdouble 2996687
gmax_shallow 13510225
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 898181
gminsg 0
gmulgs 23885461
gmulgu 283360013
gsubgs 1731935
gtodouble 66252220
gtofp 257219671
gtomp 22428
gtos 85865647
gtou 100718
guncloneNULL 49827605
guncloneNULL_deep 1506928
gval 6230
hash_str 2761454
hash_str_len 31657051
icopy_avma 8049959311
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 138810
identity_ZV 8120
identity_perm 3243345
identity_zv 3267708
inf_get_sign 1453240
inv_content 0
is_bigint 574390449
is_const_t 5002951110
is_extscalar_t 6904
is_intreal_t 9702810
is_matvec_t 742734281
is_noncalc_t 88515562
is_pm1 2217490040
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5017781
is_real_t 61900625
is_recursive_t 9105512298
is_scalar_t 403499280
is_universal_constant 326550569
is_vec_t 43956736
isint1 17994082
isintm1 6086489
isintzero 2848277375
ismpzero 9702707
isonstack 8361128952
killblock 1956698
leading_coeff 169336927
leafcopy_avma 593710147
lg_increase 443978253
lgcols 352689462
lgpol 2632481920
lincombii 38268839
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 755019
matpascal 4683
matslice 16825593
mkcol 10653270
mkcol2 156945977
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33576
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 92004680
mkerr 0
mkfrac 41927763
mkfraccopy 4999670
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8066796
mkintmodu 1834
mkmat 4780042
mkmat2 33665771
mkmat22 50255652
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122326
mkmoo 108905
mkoo 1332112
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3075552
mkqfb 27928575
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698439
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 69364103
mkvec2 214744323
mkvec2copy 114529
mkvec2s 220728
mkvec3 123970558
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10150226
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15187609
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122528
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 140298966
mkvecsmall2 256956694
mkvecsmall3 103253669
mkvecsmall4 18664810
mkvecsmall5 1718773
modpr_get_T 13867018
modpr_get_p 1887627
modpr_get_pr 31236390
mul_content 2657492
mul_denom 10709565
mulsubii 3893581
nbits2extraprec 1497950601
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12755361
nbits2prec 189010887
nbrows 158280078
nchar2nlong 127929873
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41584
ndec2prec 33314
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26299
nf_get_G 304855
nf_get_M 21745620
nf_get_Tr 23279
nf_get_degree 71376526
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 463506
nf_get_index 3711986
nf_get_invzk 9774589
nf_get_pol 98119238
nf_get_r1 23466108
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64645
nf_get_roots 1628890
nf_get_roundG 1748528
nf_get_sign 519600
nf_get_varn 1503769
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5462114
nf_get_zkprimpart 5416276
normalize_frac 17311340
odd 2123270967
pari_calloc 47756
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2876
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20025
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 487250482
pari_malloc 723367065
pari_realloc 1880
pari_realloc_ip 2359801
pari_stack_alloc 1006265306
pari_stack_base 1012080452
pari_stack_delete 5881093
pari_stack_init 6379023
pari_stack_new 910934229
pari_stack_pushp 5821
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 3747599
perm_mul 80954578
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 17360667
pol0_Flx 111657820
pol1_F2x 4769901
pol1_Flx 55731267
pol_0 27203832
pol_1 3752538
pol_x 3863985
pol_xn 2252849
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1078760
polx_Flx 37493522
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 596435
powii 43130054
pr_get_e 16167519
pr_get_f 26444263
pr_get_gen 12072471
pr_get_p 92761007
pr_get_tau 49773745
pr_is_inert 17224480
pr_norm 1090523
prec2lg 4561634585
prec2nbits 106945725
prec2nbits_mul 581095
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 476363
qfb_disc 18502504
qfb_disc3 4995224
qfb_is_qfi 64525956
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 8149577466
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763905
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14759374
rowslice 79460927
rowslicepermute 234742
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 11434254
shallowcopy 27896684
sqrfrac 4155950
sqrti 6612734
sqrtnr 2810818
sqrtr 86932066
sstoQ 1097313
sturm 385
submulii 31985063
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60087323
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 2083181
upr_norm 346135
uutoQ 1602144
vec_append 3468962
vec_ei 1714752
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 313931
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11557
vec_to_vecsmall 4039425
veclast 9374241
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 21112636
vecreverse 697305
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 657310214
vecslicepermute 2859707
vecsmall_append 4114704
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464627
vecsmall_copy 7341292
vecsmall_ei 585143
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043226
vecsmall_max 1177269
vecsmall_min 3710
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186977
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75751
vecsmall_to_col 7925698
vecsmall_to_vec 578043
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78758535
vecsmalltrunc_append 100903617
vecsmalltrunc_init 243187859
vecsplice 385000
vectrunc_append 15856945
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11767015
zc_to_ZC 7911152
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845269
zero_F2v 3656621
zero_F2x 1181
zero_Flm 2830933
zero_Flm_copy 238311
zero_Flv 61994793
zero_Flx 3255837
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 39513423
zero_zx 0
zerocol 125165411
zeromat 108972
zeromatcopy 14378722
zeropadic 857569
zeropadic_shallow 17150
zeropol 12867619
zeroser 138992
zerovec 29348357
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38658713
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7982108
znstar_get_conreygen 3290526
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7334819
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 1687927
zv_to_ZV 569244
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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