Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30835-e55edf4b45) Lines: 1421 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-04-26 09:26:37 Functions: 650 707 91.9 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8359538
F2m_copy 200656
F2m_flip 1554550
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12362146
F2v_coeff 664441214
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1554550
F2v_set 104115506
F2v_to_F2x 38146
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12362148
F2x_coeff 670982067
F2x_copy 64619151
F2x_div 1572512
F2x_equal 4193544
F2x_equal1 2873725
F2x_flip 1554550
F2x_renormalize 127794314
F2x_set 129950823
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255610
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6434429
Flm_row 8743361
Flv_copy 2059106
Flx_constant 1091299
Flx_copy 175794963
Flx_div 1999789
Flx_div_pre 21706352
Flx_equal1 8195869
Flx_lead 1069093
Flx_mulu 1105373
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165407
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4692298
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849322
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5582150
FpX_renormalize 147160402
Fp_add 183344478
Fp_addmul 11250492
Fp_center 77210470
Fp_center_i 17993210
Fp_div 15033580
Fp_divu 15128047
Fp_double 20827965
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23412606
Fp_invsafe 1097239
Fp_mul 203590939
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 66782887
Fp_neg 32668351
Fp_red 82931542
Fp_sqr 63998590
Fp_sub 201906701
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 573006
FqX_Fq_mul 427292
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38567
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 445768
FqX_factor 140960
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 368259
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106377
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 919116443
QV_isscalar 54419457
Q_abs 8078454
Q_abs_shallow 120243
Qtoss 35364
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619945
RgC_gtofp 34033332
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9955098
RgM_fpnorml2 22655
RgM_gtofp 8257880
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22226167
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 142002
RgV_is_ZV 32096667
RgV_isin 110158
RgV_isin_i 110158
RgV_isscalar 1210268
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127634
RgX_coeff 2889731
RgX_copy 102503822
RgX_div 6998185
RgX_equal_var 26880503
RgX_fpnorml2 61606
RgX_gtofp 7164613
RgX_is_QX 399946
RgX_is_ZX 22316045
RgX_is_monomial 1326858
RgX_is_rational 68158
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479468
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479468
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451123
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697390
ZM_ZV_mod 610691
ZM_hnfrem 401399
ZM_lll 7136424
ZV_ZV_mod 8147049
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23675448
ZV_to_zv 3211716
ZXQ_mul 2166229
ZXQ_sqr 960612
ZX_equal1 10488
ZX_is_monic 7319896
ZX_renormalize 157537898
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 509456
abgrp_get_cyc 12231176
abgrp_get_gen 1765041
abgrp_get_no 406732
absfrac 47729690
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 541563
addmuliu_inplace 59551767
affc_fixlg 249621
affgr 899608
bid_get_MOD 2157245
bid_get_U 3680230
bid_get_arch 41188
bid_get_archp 2397076
bid_get_cyc 5739768
bid_get_fact 2498905
bid_get_fact2 2201562
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804618
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521922
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157981
bin_copy 472940186
bit_accuracy 3145804951
bit_accuracy_mul 3175715
bit_prec 143396137
bnf_get_clgp 5375484
bnf_get_cyc 3686613
bnf_get_fu 25859
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289088
bnf_get_gen 1680325
bnf_get_logfu 2874745
bnf_get_nf 9866273
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367774
bnf_get_tuN 282992
bnf_get_tuU 303577
bnr_get_bid 2046086
bnr_get_bnf 3710948
bnr_get_clgp 2830222
bnr_get_cyc 2522546
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77119
bnr_get_nf 1399073
bnr_get_no 277490
both_odd 123208820
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10157
cgetc 975445
cgiv 105486320
checkell_i 8103924
closure_arity 356456992
closure_codestr 306037586
closure_get_code 28
closure_get_data 305984098
closure_get_dbg 13660
closure_get_frame 14690226
closure_get_oper 306011750
closure_get_text 37150
closure_is_variadic 45951336
col_ei 5925202
coltrunc_init 740257
const_col 9730135
const_vec 34637801
const_vecsmall 18860757
constant_coeff 1442666
cxcompotor 18241070
cxnorm 94253954
cxtofp 9094703
cxtoreal 337206
cyc_get_expo 2757539
cyclic_perm 99932
dbllog2r 94342197
degpol 5516892928
div_content 58515
divsBIL 8241167482
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 17049183
ell_get_a2 11108721
ell_get_a3 12863748
ell_get_a4 10325139
ell_get_a6 10371099
ell_get_b2 7371395
ell_get_b4 2550293
ell_get_b6 3863192
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11018498
ell_get_c6 13474148
ell_get_disc 16815445
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 14945822
ell_is_inf 50170935
ellff_get_a4a6 551455
ellff_get_field 1790591
ellinf 913927
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027235
equali1 1171362673
equalim1 139546835
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62596
gaddgs 123271940
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15491
gal_get_group 80415
gal_get_invvdm 27873
gal_get_mod 23870
gal_get_orders 6706
gal_get_p 6118
gal_get_pol 36427
gal_get_roots 32843
gc_GEN 246913265
gc_INT 4137271829
gc_INT_affii 11577974
gc_all 102447920
gc_leaf 1163409971
gc_slice 2211533
gc_upto 1972649620
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761926
gdivsg 561179
gen_I 1268882
gener_Fq_local 29946
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1928543
get_F2x_mod 3307647
get_F2x_var 2168651
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 82822044
get_Flx_mod 25498505
get_Flx_var 68241752
get_FlxqX_degree 317580
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264435
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6969261
get_FpX_mod 3387853
get_FpX_var 6952294
gisdouble 2995785
gmax_shallow 13510226
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 899692
gminsg 0
gmulgs 23862762
gmulgu 283360012
gsubgs 1731922
gtodouble 66253283
gtofp 257167171
gtomp 22428
gtos 85878158
gtou 100695
guncloneNULL 49825228
guncloneNULL_deep 1507004
gval 6230
hash_str 2781045
hash_str_len 31624122
icopy_avma 8055434289
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 138820
identity_ZV 8120
identity_perm 3243188
identity_zv 3267552
inf_get_sign 1453249
inv_content 0
is_bigint 574400652
is_const_t 5001414232
is_extscalar_t 6904
is_intreal_t 9713011
is_matvec_t 743768438
is_noncalc_t 88515407
is_pm1 2218263671
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5017711
is_real_t 61900625
is_recursive_t 9111657770
is_scalar_t 403951873
is_universal_constant 326472671
is_vec_t 44025921
isint1 17994630
isintm1 6086910
isintzero 2848641763
ismpzero 9712908
isonstack 8362558401
killblock 1956854
leading_coeff 169348915
leafcopy_avma 592957697
lg_increase 426115354
lgcols 352757928
lgpol 2625395441
lincombii 38265791
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 755019
matpascal 4683
matslice 16825052
mkcol 10654057
mkcol2 157016584
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33587
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 92033609
mkerr 0
mkfrac 42556516
mkfraccopy 5006685
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8066637
mkintmodu 1834
mkmat 4780890
mkmat2 33656271
mkmat22 50256611
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122310
mkmoo 108900
mkoo 1332127
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3075582
mkqfb 27928919
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698439
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 68920910
mkvec2 211712743
mkvec2copy 114532
mkvec2s 220740
mkvec3 121667283
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10156423
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15187648
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122528
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 140331685
mkvecsmall2 256952850
mkvecsmall3 103253813
mkvecsmall4 18648741
mkvecsmall5 1718695
modpr_get_T 13867042
modpr_get_p 1887627
modpr_get_pr 31236452
mul_content 2657293
mul_denom 10753406
mulsubii 3892612
nbits2extraprec 1497387790
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12748837
nbits2prec 189011956
nbrows 158338537
nchar2nlong 127840511
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41584
ndec2prec 33314
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26300
nf_get_G 304808
nf_get_M 21741690
nf_get_Tr 23350
nf_get_degree 71375765
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 463573
nf_get_index 3711992
nf_get_invzk 9774651
nf_get_pol 98118709
nf_get_r1 23466530
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64643
nf_get_roots 1628850
nf_get_roundG 1748492
nf_get_sign 519601
nf_get_varn 1503763
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5462151
nf_get_zkprimpart 5416353
normalize_frac 17568128
odd 2123544762
pari_calloc 48043
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2876
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20025
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 487298794
pari_malloc 723419727
pari_realloc 1887
pari_realloc_ip 2347943
pari_stack_alloc 1005790461
pari_stack_base 1011664082
pari_stack_delete 5874757
pari_stack_init 6347408
pari_stack_new 910464475
pari_stack_pushp 5842
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 3747311
perm_mul 80951788
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 17356425
pol0_Flx 111640219
pol1_F2x 4768191
pol1_Flx 55724020
pol_0 27168660
pol_1 3752518
pol_x 3865036
pol_xn 2253509
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1079657
polx_Flx 37499569
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 620095
powii 43130031
pr_get_e 16167422
pr_get_f 26444561
pr_get_gen 12072500
pr_get_p 92761208
pr_get_tau 49773687
pr_is_inert 17224340
pr_norm 1090571
prec2lg 4565375926
prec2nbits 106957833
prec2nbits_mul 581095
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 476398
qfb_disc 18502540
qfb_disc3 4995383
qfb_is_qfi 64538686
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 8149491169
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763902
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14758757
rowslice 79455885
rowslicepermute 234694
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 11434254
shallowcopy 27896686
sqrfrac 4201787
sqrti 6612699
sqrtnr 2810671
sqrtr 87175829
sstoQ 1097313
sturm 385
submulii 31985063
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60059723
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 2081058
upr_norm 346134
uutoQ 1602144
vec_append 3469010
vec_ei 1714734
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 313918
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11557
vec_to_vecsmall 4040785
veclast 9374230
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 21113586
vecreverse 697305
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 657417811
vecslicepermute 2859408
vecsmall_append 4114731
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464669
vecsmall_copy 7341024
vecsmall_ei 585157
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043236
vecsmall_max 1177430
vecsmall_min 3710
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186977
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75748
vecsmall_to_col 7925642
vecsmall_to_vec 578043
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78755387
vecsmalltrunc_append 100920480
vecsmalltrunc_init 236855505
vecsplice 385000
vectrunc_append 15856265
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11769005
zc_to_ZC 7911098
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845270
zero_F2v 3656609
zero_F2x 1181
zero_Flm 2830924
zero_Flm_copy 238313
zero_Flv 61989162
zero_Flx 3255648
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 39511031
zero_zx 0
zerocol 125181104
zeromat 108988
zeromatcopy 14378930
zeropadic 857710
zeropadic_shallow 17150
zeropol 12889567
zeroser 138992
zerovec 29348349
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38658713
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7982108
znstar_get_conreygen 3290526
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7334819
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 1687856
zv_to_ZV 569244
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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