Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30813-28f64e5615) Lines: 1421 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-04-14 09:26:12 Functions: 650 707 91.9 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8359565
F2m_copy 200657
F2m_flip 1554512
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12362103
F2v_coeff 664439938
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1554512
F2v_set 104115437
F2v_to_F2x 38096
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12362102
F2x_coeff 670975800
F2x_copy 64627139
F2x_div 1572656
F2x_equal 4193564
F2x_equal1 2873675
F2x_flip 1554512
F2x_renormalize 127789562
F2x_set 129936851
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255658
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6434459
Flm_row 8743582
Flv_copy 2059124
Flx_constant 1091655
Flx_copy 175774684
Flx_div 1999765
Flx_div_pre 21703388
Flx_equal1 8195936
Flx_lead 1068925
Flx_mulu 1105421
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165411
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4691955
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849322
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5582142
FpX_renormalize 147165070
Fp_add 183460490
Fp_addmul 11289617
Fp_center 77225568
Fp_center_i 18020714
Fp_div 15035105
Fp_divu 15129570
Fp_double 20928133
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23412920
Fp_invsafe 1097237
Fp_mul 203683727
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 65497796
Fp_neg 32668241
Fp_red 82927083
Fp_sqr 64182792
Fp_sub 202124760
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 573027
FqX_Fq_mul 427280
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38568
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 445774
FqX_factor 140960
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 368264
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106454
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 919107538
QV_isscalar 54419644
Q_abs 8078461
Q_abs_shallow 120233
Qtoss 35364
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619945
RgC_gtofp 34035210
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9954325
RgM_fpnorml2 22655
RgM_gtofp 8258055
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22226868
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 141998
RgV_is_ZV 32096670
RgV_isin 110158
RgV_isin_i 110158
RgV_isscalar 1210270
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127635
RgX_coeff 2889731
RgX_copy 102503771
RgX_div 6998185
RgX_equal_var 26880499
RgX_fpnorml2 61608
RgX_gtofp 7163890
RgX_is_QX 399947
RgX_is_ZX 22316324
RgX_is_monomial 1326752
RgX_is_rational 68155
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479468
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479468
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451205
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697397
ZM_ZV_mod 610711
ZM_hnfrem 401379
ZM_lll 7117997
ZV_ZV_mod 8147153
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23675734
ZV_to_zv 3211716
ZXQ_mul 2166287
ZXQ_sqr 960614
ZX_equal1 10488
ZX_is_monic 7319914
ZX_renormalize 157547886
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 509453
abgrp_get_cyc 12231188
abgrp_get_gen 1765025
abgrp_get_no 406729
absfrac 47729661
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 541554
addmuliu_inplace 59559964
affc_fixlg 249621
affgr 899594
bid_get_MOD 2157258
bid_get_U 3680235
bid_get_arch 41188
bid_get_archp 2397084
bid_get_cyc 5739781
bid_get_fact 2498902
bid_get_fact2 2201576
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804633
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521922
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157975
bin_copy 472930186
bit_accuracy 3145406630
bit_accuracy_mul 3175715
bit_prec 143390493
bnf_get_clgp 5375454
bnf_get_cyc 3686602
bnf_get_fu 25859
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289077
bnf_get_gen 1680312
bnf_get_logfu 2874751
bnf_get_nf 9866284
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367768
bnf_get_tuN 282993
bnf_get_tuU 303576
bnr_get_bid 2046092
bnr_get_bnf 3710939
bnr_get_clgp 2830246
bnr_get_cyc 2522567
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77119
bnr_get_nf 1399060
bnr_get_no 277487
both_odd 123233309
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10157
cgetc 975460
cgiv 105483259
checkell_i 8103981
closure_arity 356532780
closure_codestr 306114976
closure_get_code 28
closure_get_data 306067701
closure_get_dbg 13660
closure_get_frame 14678301
closure_get_oper 306094304
closure_get_text 37150
closure_is_variadic 45927759
col_ei 5925291
coltrunc_init 740257
const_col 9730107
const_vec 34629039
const_vecsmall 18861043
constant_coeff 1442672
cxcompotor 18238805
cxnorm 94100659
cxtofp 9093531
cxtoreal 337207
cyc_get_expo 2757540
cyclic_perm 99932
dbllog2r 94332251
degpol 5507035625
div_content 58510
divsBIL 8237945548
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 17049188
ell_get_a2 11108720
ell_get_a3 12863754
ell_get_a4 10325138
ell_get_a6 10371098
ell_get_b2 7371401
ell_get_b4 2550293
ell_get_b6 3863192
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11018421
ell_get_c6 13474076
ell_get_disc 16815400
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 14946021
ell_is_inf 50237627
ellff_get_a4a6 551458
ellff_get_field 1790596
ellinf 913924
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027219
equali1 1171330442
equalim1 139546745
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62596
gaddgs 123270502
gal_get_den 27866
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15491
gal_get_group 80415
gal_get_invvdm 27873
gal_get_mod 23870
gal_get_orders 6706
gal_get_p 6118
gal_get_pol 36427
gal_get_roots 32843
gc_GEN 246994496
gc_INT 4137829880
gc_INT_affii 11572381
gc_all 102447149
gc_leaf 1160444711
gc_slice 2211140
gc_upto 1972465083
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761925
gdivsg 559710
gen_I 1268853
gener_Fq_local 29945
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1928528
get_F2x_mod 3307622
get_F2x_var 2168627
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 82138075
get_Flx_mod 25495809
get_Flx_var 68238576
get_FlxqX_degree 317580
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264435
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6969198
get_FpX_mod 3387845
get_FpX_var 6952202
gisdouble 2996331
gmax_shallow 13510228
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 898172
gminsg 0
gmulgs 23856846
gmulgu 283360013
gsubgs 1731940
gtodouble 66245573
gtofp 257180710
gtomp 22428
gtos 85866179
gtou 100717
guncloneNULL 49821581
guncloneNULL_deep 1501960
gval 6230
hash_str 2779150
hash_str_len 31616933
icopy_avma 8055488106
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 138810
identity_ZV 8120
identity_perm 3243358
identity_zv 3267720
inf_get_sign 1453197
inv_content 0
is_bigint 574351513
is_const_t 5001411832
is_extscalar_t 6904
is_intreal_t 9702746
is_matvec_t 743868096
is_noncalc_t 88515809
is_pm1 2217704421
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5017710
is_real_t 61900633
is_recursive_t 9110699131
is_scalar_t 403949744
is_universal_constant 326529825
is_vec_t 44042850
isint1 17994355
isintm1 6086644
isintzero 2848498037
ismpzero 9702648
isonstack 8359629783
killblock 1954207
leading_coeff 169342063
leafcopy_avma 593532632
lg_increase 448090936
lgcols 352760815
lgpol 2620860600
lincombii 38270717
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 755008
matpascal 4683
matslice 16825140
mkcol 10654061
mkcol2 157027155
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33577
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 92005511
mkerr 0
mkfrac 42556834
mkfraccopy 5006755
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8066780
mkintmodu 1834
mkmat 4780485
mkmat2 33655667
mkmat22 50257963
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122340
mkmoo 108899
mkoo 1332074
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3075583
mkqfb 27928886
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698439
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 68957258
mkvec2 215087828
mkvec2copy 114531
mkvec2s 220729
mkvec3 119619374
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10150156
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15187610
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122528
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 140334496
mkvecsmall2 256954716
mkvecsmall3 103255956
mkvecsmall4 18654874
mkvecsmall5 1718720
modpr_get_T 13867084
modpr_get_p 1887626
modpr_get_pr 31236532
mul_content 2657344
mul_denom 10753473
mulsubii 3892391
nbits2extraprec 1497426856
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12749097
nbits2prec 188999804
nbrows 158342528
nchar2nlong 127832045
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41584
ndec2prec 33314
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26300
nf_get_G 304868
nf_get_M 21741915
nf_get_Tr 23349
nf_get_degree 71376286
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 463580
nf_get_index 3712013
nf_get_invzk 9774572
nf_get_pol 98119277
nf_get_r1 23466709
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64643
nf_get_roots 1628916
nf_get_roundG 1748549
nf_get_sign 519600
nf_get_varn 1503728
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5462174
nf_get_zkprimpart 5416311
normalize_frac 17568715
odd 2124143882
pari_calloc 47994
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2876
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20025
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 487280089
pari_malloc 723374562
pari_realloc 1887
pari_realloc_ip 2343444
pari_stack_alloc 1005754143
pari_stack_base 1011572704
pari_stack_delete 5857930
pari_stack_init 6332058
pari_stack_new 910397027
pari_stack_pushp 5842
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 3747455
perm_mul 80951903
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 17360368
pol0_Flx 111641843
pol1_F2x 4768088
pol1_Flx 55719541
pol_0 27168558
pol_1 3752536
pol_x 3865049
pol_xn 2253513
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1079616
polx_Flx 37496904
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 596435
powii 43130110
pr_get_e 16167199
pr_get_f 26444482
pr_get_gen 12072507
pr_get_p 92760853
pr_get_tau 49773361
pr_is_inert 17224223
pr_norm 1090638
prec2lg 4565213245
prec2nbits 106944177
prec2nbits_mul 581097
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 476360
qfb_disc 18502489
qfb_disc3 4995395
qfb_is_qfi 64500382
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 8147380142
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763895
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14758822
rowslice 79448721
rowslicepermute 234314
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 11434254
shallowcopy 27896210
sqrfrac 4201751
sqrti 6612672
sqrtnr 2810787
sqrtr 86935805
sstoQ 1097313
sturm 385
submulii 31985063
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60068080
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 2088965
upr_norm 346136
uutoQ 1602144
vec_append 3469010
vec_ei 1714700
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 313899
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11554
vec_to_vecsmall 4040779
veclast 9374217
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 21107151
vecreverse 697305
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 657324038
vecslicepermute 2858043
vecsmall_append 4114728
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464664
vecsmall_copy 7341054
vecsmall_ei 585131
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043259
vecsmall_max 1177583
vecsmall_min 3710
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186977
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75751
vecsmall_to_col 7924800
vecsmall_to_vec 578043
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78755381
vecsmalltrunc_append 100888826
vecsmalltrunc_init 243509092
vecsplice 384995
vectrunc_append 15857382
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11769996
zc_to_ZC 7910254
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845269
zero_F2v 3656621
zero_F2x 1181
zero_Flm 2831081
zero_Flm_copy 238320
zero_Flv 61988454
zero_Flx 3255811
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 39509927
zero_zx 0
zerocol 125181668
zeromat 108967
zeromatcopy 14378996
zeropadic 857142
zeropadic_shallow 17150
zeropol 12889575
zeroser 138992
zerovec 29348182
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38658713
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7982108
znstar_get_conreygen 3290526
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7334819
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 1687870
zv_to_ZV 569244
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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