Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30809-023acc7158) Lines: 1421 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-04-13 09:26:12 Functions: 650 707 91.9 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8356164
F2m_copy 200653
F2m_flip 1553424
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12360331
F2v_coeff 664421372
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1553424
F2v_set 104112565
F2v_to_F2x 37814
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12360336
F2x_coeff 671028228
F2x_copy 63829168
F2x_div 1556936
F2x_equal 4129911
F2x_equal1 2873682
F2x_flip 1553424
F2x_renormalize 126822528
F2x_set 129750113
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255661
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6434404
Flm_row 8743019
Flv_copy 2059191
Flx_constant 1091633
Flx_copy 175762354
Flx_div 1999809
Flx_div_pre 21701833
Flx_equal1 8196084
Flx_lead 1067243
Flx_mulu 1105481
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165412
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4691972
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849322
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5582168
FpX_renormalize 147158386
Fp_add 183348769
Fp_addmul 11250987
Fp_center 77276677
Fp_center_i 18054604
Fp_div 15033605
Fp_divu 15128132
Fp_double 20855761
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23412856
Fp_invsafe 1097249
Fp_mul 203653125
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 65404982
Fp_neg 32671360
Fp_red 82929235
Fp_sqr 63993887
Fp_sub 201954918
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 573019
FqX_Fq_mul 427294
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38568
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 445780
FqX_factor 140960
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 368265
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106600
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 919129990
QV_isscalar 54419013
Q_abs 8078380
Q_abs_shallow 120243
Qtoss 35364
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619946
RgC_gtofp 34033441
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9954529
RgM_fpnorml2 22655
RgM_gtofp 8257661
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22235258
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 141999
RgV_is_ZV 32096671
RgV_isin 110158
RgV_isin_i 110158
RgV_isscalar 1210271
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127635
RgX_coeff 2889731
RgX_copy 102503527
RgX_div 6998185
RgX_equal_var 26880488
RgX_fpnorml2 61609
RgX_gtofp 7164076
RgX_is_QX 399944
RgX_is_ZX 22316498
RgX_is_monomial 1326786
RgX_is_rational 68157
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479436
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479436
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451157
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697351
ZM_ZV_mod 610710
ZM_hnfrem 401386
ZM_lll 7117693
ZV_ZV_mod 8147065
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23674891
ZV_to_zv 3211711
ZXQ_mul 2166251
ZXQ_sqr 960621
ZX_equal1 10488
ZX_is_monic 7319842
ZX_renormalize 157533421
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 509451
abgrp_get_cyc 12231169
abgrp_get_gen 1765032
abgrp_get_no 406738
absfrac 47729560
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 541626
addmuliu_inplace 59559613
affc_fixlg 249620
affgr 899594
bid_get_MOD 2157253
bid_get_U 3680233
bid_get_arch 41186
bid_get_archp 2397065
bid_get_cyc 5739767
bid_get_fact 2498901
bid_get_fact2 2201576
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804613
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521921
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157978
bin_copy 472945580
bit_accuracy 3141721759
bit_accuracy_mul 3175715
bit_prec 143385683
bnf_get_clgp 5375469
bnf_get_cyc 3686612
bnf_get_fu 25859
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289088
bnf_get_gen 1680321
bnf_get_logfu 2874748
bnf_get_nf 9866285
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367774
bnf_get_tuN 282999
bnf_get_tuU 303581
bnr_get_bid 2046090
bnr_get_bnf 3710946
bnr_get_clgp 2830232
bnr_get_cyc 2522562
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77119
bnr_get_nf 1399066
bnr_get_no 277491
both_odd 123486537
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10157
cgetc 975458
cgiv 105473386
checkell_i 8103875
closure_arity 356484231
closure_codestr 306057918
closure_get_code 28
closure_get_data 306016333
closure_get_dbg 13660
closure_get_frame 14678155
closure_get_oper 306039974
closure_get_text 37150
closure_is_variadic 45927349
col_ei 5925231
coltrunc_init 740257
const_col 9730104
const_vec 34629938
const_vecsmall 18860841
constant_coeff 1442673
cxcompotor 18236265
cxnorm 94096148
cxtofp 9092271
cxtoreal 337205
cyc_get_expo 2757536
cyclic_perm 99932
dbllog2r 94328983
degpol 5506109102
div_content 58510
divsBIL 8235098538
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 17049192
ell_get_a2 11108728
ell_get_a3 12863759
ell_get_a4 10325146
ell_get_a6 10371106
ell_get_b2 7371398
ell_get_b4 2550293
ell_get_b6 3863192
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11018514
ell_get_c6 13474164
ell_get_disc 16815636
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 14946090
ell_is_inf 50177449
ellff_get_a4a6 551459
ellff_get_field 1790606
ellinf 913934
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027234
equali1 1171352349
equalim1 139546527
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62596
gaddgs 123270528
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15491
gal_get_group 80416
gal_get_invvdm 27874
gal_get_mod 23870
gal_get_orders 6706
gal_get_p 6118
gal_get_pol 36428
gal_get_roots 32844
gc_GEN 247023776
gc_INT 4137744303
gc_INT_affii 11581481
gc_all 102449076
gc_leaf 1160669999
gc_slice 2211212
gc_upto 1972894733
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761927
gdivsg 559710
gen_I 1268833
gener_Fq_local 29946
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1928554
get_F2x_mod 3307655
get_F2x_var 2168683
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 82127073
get_Flx_mod 25497277
get_Flx_var 68238578
get_FlxqX_degree 317580
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264435
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6969216
get_FpX_mod 3387877
get_FpX_var 6952209
gisdouble 2996054
gmax_shallow 13510227
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 898156
gminsg 0
gmulgs 23873473
gmulgu 283360012
gsubgs 1731934
gtodouble 66248206
gtofp 257172358
gtomp 22428
gtos 85866177
gtou 100721
guncloneNULL 49808499
guncloneNULL_deep 1489020
gval 6230
hash_str 2779150
hash_str_len 31616970
icopy_avma 8055911393
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 138812
identity_ZV 8120
identity_perm 3243248
identity_zv 3267611
inf_get_sign 1453241
inv_content 0
is_bigint 574376991
is_const_t 5003940520
is_extscalar_t 6904
is_intreal_t 9702698
is_matvec_t 743803906
is_noncalc_t 88515206
is_pm1 2217501266
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5017661
is_real_t 61900631
is_recursive_t 9111116205
is_scalar_t 403950035
is_universal_constant 326493005
is_vec_t 44047063
isint1 17994377
isintm1 6086654
isintzero 2848282951
ismpzero 9702583
isonstack 8360415153
killblock 1947992
leading_coeff 169343054
leafcopy_avma 593444938
lg_increase 442093735
lgcols 352764230
lgpol 2617926560
lincombii 38258844
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 755012
matpascal 4683
matslice 16824668
mkcol 10654089
mkcol2 157071326
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33580
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 91994412
mkerr 0
mkfrac 42557556
mkfraccopy 5006898
mkfracss 1209562
mkintmod 8066721
mkintmodu 1834
mkmat 4780594
mkmat2 33665580
mkmat22 50263122
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122301
mkmoo 108906
mkoo 1332113
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3075537
mkqfb 27928289
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698439
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 68973102
mkvec2 214567919
mkvec2copy 114533
mkvec2s 220729
mkvec3 119584858
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10150218
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15187565
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122528
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 140281278
mkvecsmall2 256955238
mkvecsmall3 103255972
mkvecsmall4 18654063
mkvecsmall5 1718759
modpr_get_T 13867076
modpr_get_p 1887627
modpr_get_pr 31236473
mul_content 2657334
mul_denom 10753311
mulsubii 3893761
nbits2extraprec 1497403728
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12751400
nbits2prec 189001156
nbrows 158357125
nchar2nlong 127830678
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41584
ndec2prec 33314
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26300
nf_get_G 304825
nf_get_M 21745434
nf_get_Tr 23279
nf_get_degree 71375201
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 463510
nf_get_index 3712015
nf_get_invzk 9774648
nf_get_pol 98118222
nf_get_r1 23465972
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64644
nf_get_roots 1628872
nf_get_roundG 1748492
nf_get_sign 519602
nf_get_varn 1503735
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5462184
nf_get_zkprimpart 5416314
normalize_frac 17569111
odd 2123657954
pari_calloc 47994
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2876
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20025
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 487279464
pari_malloc 723403831
pari_realloc 1887
pari_realloc_ip 2344070
pari_stack_alloc 1005751010
pari_stack_base 1011508704
pari_stack_delete 5818694
pari_stack_init 6332097
pari_stack_new 910393058
pari_stack_pushp 5842
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 3747344
perm_mul 80952893
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 17305487
pol0_Flx 111587823
pol1_F2x 4768887
pol1_Flx 55721802
pol_0 27168599
pol_1 3752578
pol_x 3865086
pol_xn 2253511
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1073461
polx_Flx 37496708
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 596435
powii 43130019
pr_get_e 16167386
pr_get_f 26444243
pr_get_gen 12072313
pr_get_p 92760903
pr_get_tau 49773309
pr_is_inert 17224209
pr_norm 1090536
prec2lg 4564803841
prec2nbits 106946341
prec2nbits_mul 581095
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 476359
qfb_disc 18502543
qfb_disc3 4995097
qfb_is_qfi 64522143
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 8144442884
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763907
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14758822
rowslice 79458841
rowslicepermute 234775
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 11434254
shallowcopy 27896508
sqrfrac 4201762
sqrti 6612719
sqrtnr 2810711
sqrtr 86929525
sstoQ 1097313
sturm 385
submulii 31985063
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60072818
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 2086892
upr_norm 346133
uutoQ 1602144
vec_append 3469053
vec_ei 1714770
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 313925
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11557
vec_to_vecsmall 4040799
veclast 9374234
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 21113553
vecreverse 697305
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 657444321
vecslicepermute 2859727
vecsmall_append 4114669
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464499
vecsmall_copy 7341154
vecsmall_ei 585129
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043259
vecsmall_max 1177581
vecsmall_min 3710
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186977
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75753
vecsmall_to_col 7925709
vecsmall_to_vec 578043
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78756408
vecsmalltrunc_append 100805826
vecsmalltrunc_init 242377647
vecsplice 384996
vectrunc_append 15855210
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11768413
zc_to_ZC 7911164
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845250
zero_F2v 3656393
zero_F2x 1181
zero_Flm 2830881
zero_Flm_copy 238317
zero_Flv 61976240
zero_Flx 3255632
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 39496840
zero_zx 0
zerocol 125162090
zeromat 109007
zeromatcopy 14378634
zeropadic 857572
zeropadic_shallow 17150
zeropol 12889598
zeroser 138992
zerovec 29348376
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38658713
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7982108
znstar_get_conreygen 3290526
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7334819
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 1687935
zv_to_ZV 569244
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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