Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30719-2b7f142d49) Lines: 1422 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-02-28 09:24:01 Functions: 650 707 91.9 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8157227
F2m_copy 200437
F2m_flip 1554488
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12354392
F2v_coeff 661442024
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1554488
F2v_set 101430523
F2v_to_F2x 37973
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12354397
F2x_coeff 668115380
F2x_copy 59772221
F2x_div 1572055
F2x_equal 4668511
F2x_equal1 2873886
F2x_flip 1554488
F2x_renormalize 112621451
F2x_set 123388619
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255865
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6433607
Flm_row 8742522
Flv_copy 2555106
Flx_constant 334003
Flx_copy 173119134
Flx_div 1998003
Flx_div_pre 21689968
Flx_equal1 8195629
Flx_lead 978140
Flx_mulu 1105493
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165416
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4694444
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849903
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5581090
FpX_renormalize 145825978
Fp_add 181128283
Fp_addmul 11236667
Fp_center 77416540
Fp_center_i 18053266
Fp_div 15035114
Fp_divu 15129695
Fp_double 20902182
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23436946
Fp_invsafe 1098024
Fp_mul 200787431
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 69243319
Fp_neg 31480646
Fp_red 82926403
Fp_sqr 64014208
Fp_sub 202941943
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 571665
FqX_Fq_mul 427296
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38567
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 444768
FqX_factor 140960
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 367710
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106553
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 917358799
QV_isscalar 54416688
Q_abs 8062687
Q_abs_shallow 120231
Qtoss 35364
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619854
RgC_gtofp 34028381
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9953651
RgM_fpnorml2 22661
RgM_gtofp 8257073
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22231435
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 140732
RgV_is_ZV 32095114
RgV_isin 110158
RgV_isin_i 110158
RgV_isscalar 1210272
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127635
RgX_coeff 2667901
RgX_copy 103400636
RgX_div 6998010
RgX_equal_var 26883017
RgX_fpnorml2 61600
RgX_gtofp 7145235
RgX_is_QX 399926
RgX_is_ZX 22423190
RgX_is_monomial 1331378
RgX_is_rational 68164
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479369
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479369
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451041
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697514
ZM_ZV_mod 610690
ZM_hnfrem 401426
ZM_lll 7117209
ZV_ZV_mod 8147217
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23674665
ZV_to_zv 3211716
ZXQ_mul 2161105
ZXQ_sqr 960358
ZX_equal1 10488
ZX_is_monic 7374261
ZX_renormalize 155018033
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 509448
abgrp_get_cyc 12230845
abgrp_get_gen 1765017
abgrp_get_no 406729
absfrac 46540069
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 541689
addmuliu_inplace 59639662
affc_fixlg 249623
affgr 899594
bid_get_MOD 2157254
bid_get_U 3680231
bid_get_arch 41188
bid_get_archp 2397143
bid_get_cyc 5739854
bid_get_fact 2498966
bid_get_fact2 2201577
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804711
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521922
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157984
bin_copy 472061730
bit_accuracy 3128907840
bit_accuracy_mul 3175730
bit_prec 143253613
bnf_get_clgp 5374988
bnf_get_cyc 3686143
bnf_get_fu 25858
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289102
bnf_get_gen 1680305
bnf_get_logfu 2874761
bnf_get_nf 9865147
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367777
bnf_get_tuN 283007
bnf_get_tuU 303586
bnr_get_bid 2046093
bnr_get_bnf 3710945
bnr_get_clgp 2830259
bnr_get_cyc 2522582
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77119
bnr_get_nf 1399076
bnr_get_no 277488
both_odd 124247045
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10115
cgetc 975461
cgiv 105477560
checkell_i 5593312
closure_arity 356139799
closure_codestr 305719218
closure_get_code 28
closure_get_data 305691647
closure_get_dbg 13646
closure_get_frame 14717526
closure_get_oper 305709971
closure_get_text 37122
closure_is_variadic 45907219
col_ei 5924510
coltrunc_init 740257
const_col 9729607
const_vec 34643819
const_vecsmall 18745339
constant_coeff 1441432
cxcompotor 18209500
cxnorm 91199890
cxtofp 9078864
cxtoreal 337208
cyc_get_expo 2757563
cyclic_perm 99911
dbllog2r 92819052
degpol 5499781055
div_content 58503
divsBIL 8108083312
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 8997106
ell_get_a2 7106208
ell_get_a3 8814074
ell_get_a4 8536749
ell_get_a6 10370987
ell_get_b2 7371028
ell_get_b4 2550216
ell_get_b6 3863115
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11018009
ell_get_c6 13474396
ell_get_disc 16815512
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 12499045
ell_is_inf 49464542
ellff_get_a4a6 800052
ellff_get_field 2036947
ellinf 1208317
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027234
equali1 1167008662
equalim1 139504613
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62568
gaddgs 123248513
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15435
gal_get_group 80386
gal_get_invvdm 27874
gal_get_mod 23758
gal_get_orders 6678
gal_get_p 6006
gal_get_pol 36316
gal_get_roots 32732
gc_GEN 233842738
gc_INT 4135189449
gc_INT_affii 11572874
gc_all 102393253
gc_leaf 1130985317
gc_slice 2204243
gc_upto 1959454487
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761915
gdivsg 531586
gen_I 1268168
gener_Fq_local 29945
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1929192
get_F2x_mod 2489772
get_F2x_var 2534477
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 82478447
get_Flx_mod 25492572
get_Flx_var 68355925
get_FlxqX_degree 317580
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264435
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6969167
get_FpX_mod 3392053
get_FpX_var 6958152
gisdouble 2995933
gmax_shallow 13510200
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 877769
gminsg 0
gmulgs 23908702
gmulgu 283104681
gsubgs 1724698
gtodouble 60902541
gtofp 254371295
gtomp 22428
gtos 85855718
gtou 100660
guncloneNULL 49822884
guncloneNULL_deep 1508019
gval 6230
hash_str 2741930
hash_str_len 31635415
icopy_avma 8047802074
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 138440
identity_ZV 8113
identity_perm 3242570
identity_zv 3266921
inf_get_sign 1452931
inv_content 0
is_bigint 571792727
is_const_t 4900549397
is_extscalar_t 6876
is_intreal_t 9584542
is_matvec_t 659201820
is_noncalc_t 85779882
is_pm1 2216069870
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5032568
is_real_t 62059903
is_recursive_t 9190474355
is_scalar_t 375718073
is_universal_constant 326455345
is_vec_t 43957956
isint1 17584973
isintm1 5709561
isintzero 2845809659
ismpzero 9584445
isonstack 8315786280
killblock 1957074
leading_coeff 171834889
leafcopy_avma 578239328
lg_increase 449151810
lgcols 352674234
lgpol 2680557149
lincombii 38257051
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 754846
matpascal 3983
matslice 16825157
mkcol 10652590
mkcol2 156990413
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33564
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 91603913
mkerr 0
mkfrac 41646895
mkfraccopy 4999884
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8070771
mkintmodu 1834
mkmat 4779367
mkmat2 33665445
mkmat22 50257066
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122279
mkmoo 108808
mkoo 1331876
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3103720
mkqfb 27929198
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698439
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 69650192
mkvec2 212962401
mkvec2copy 114529
mkvec2s 220244
mkvec3 120594793
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10146770
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15185937
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122528
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 131341630
mkvecsmall2 235070701
mkvecsmall3 103252432
mkvecsmall4 18683465
mkvecsmall5 1717480
modpr_get_T 13867128
modpr_get_p 1887627
modpr_get_pr 31236647
mul_content 2657255
mul_denom 10707688
mulsubii 3886799
nbits2extraprec 1458068831
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12718145
nbits2prec 186137274
nbrows 158243866
nchar2nlong 127758308
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41584
ndec2prec 33314
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26300
nf_get_G 304876
nf_get_M 21745411
nf_get_Tr 22084
nf_get_degree 71370471
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 463469
nf_get_index 3711385
nf_get_invzk 9767643
nf_get_pol 98109565
nf_get_r1 23465833
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64645
nf_get_roots 1628930
nf_get_roundG 1748188
nf_get_sign 519552
nf_get_varn 1503760
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5459787
nf_get_zkprimpart 5414069
normalize_frac 17206847
odd 2120108886
pari_calloc 47609
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2869
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20025
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 486416896
pari_malloc 722487769
pari_realloc 1873
pari_realloc_ip 2349669
pari_stack_alloc 1005812949
pari_stack_base 1011677598
pari_stack_delete 5880457
pari_stack_init 6353283
pari_stack_new 910533545
pari_stack_pushp 5800
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 3746766
perm_mul 80949142
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 13236869
pol0_Flx 103133304
pol1_F2x 3949659
pol1_Flx 54888099
pol_0 82783090
pol_1 3753539
pol_x 3857439
pol_xn 2249556
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1079125
polx_Flx 37488658
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 1561
powii 43130289
pr_get_e 16161690
pr_get_f 26442995
pr_get_gen 12071188
pr_get_p 92750428
pr_get_tau 49768247
pr_is_inert 17224023
pr_norm 1090503
prec2lg 4474464008
prec2nbits 103969370
prec2nbits_mul 581082
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 475393
qfb_disc 18502543
qfb_disc3 4995518
qfb_is_qfi 64501702
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 8016796876
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763904
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14756300
rowslice 79458987
rowslicepermute 234003
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 10120368
shallowcopy 27894229
sqrfrac 4148225
sqrti 6610307
sqrtnr 2810045
sqrtr 80374630
sstoQ 1097313
sturm 385
submulii 31982591
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60126682
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 1985330
upr_norm 346135
uutoQ 1602144
vec_append 3464670
vec_ei 1713888
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 313923
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11557
vec_to_vecsmall 4036944
veclast 9372787
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 21095185
vecreverse 697305
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 657493447
vecslicepermute 2856234
vecsmall_append 4114690
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464201
vecsmall_copy 5368767
vecsmall_ei 584695
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043254
vecsmall_max 1164240
vecsmall_min 2352
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186977
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75641
vecsmall_to_col 7920799
vecsmall_to_vec 576881
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78753852
vecsmalltrunc_append 100853046
vecsmalltrunc_init 244235537
vecsplice 384932
vectrunc_append 15857144
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11767202
zc_to_ZC 7906618
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845051
zero_F2v 3647787
zero_F2x 1350
zero_Flm 2831054
zero_Flm_copy 238231
zero_Flv 59740365
zero_Flx 1426836
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 37305123
zero_zx 0
zerocol 125124864
zeromat 109100
zeromatcopy 14376607
zeropadic 857513
zeropadic_shallow 17150
zeropol 42353424
zeroser 138992
zerovec 29344006
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38658713
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7982108
znstar_get_conreygen 3290526
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7334819
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 2183844
zv_to_ZV 568082
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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