Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30822-5d69697d32) Lines: 1422 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-04-17 09:24:44 Functions: 650 707 91.9 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8359034
F2m_copy 200665
F2m_flip 1554273
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12361845
F2v_coeff 664437956
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1554273
F2v_set 104115035
F2v_to_F2x 38004
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12361839
F2x_coeff 671095693
F2x_copy 64661775
F2x_div 1571447
F2x_equal 4194025
F2x_equal1 2873900
F2x_flip 1554273
F2x_renormalize 127863107
F2x_set 129998913
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255552
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6434334
Flm_row 8743118
Flv_copy 2059212
Flx_constant 1091121
Flx_copy 175779649
Flx_div 1999751
Flx_div_pre 21705525
Flx_equal1 8196161
Flx_lead 1068687
Flx_mulu 1105314
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165414
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4692181
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849322
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5582101
FpX_renormalize 147175389
Fp_add 183867160
Fp_addmul 11372243
Fp_center 77165848
Fp_center_i 17980829
Fp_div 15034063
Fp_divu 15128617
Fp_double 21132110
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23413041
Fp_invsafe 1097236
Fp_mul 203809659
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 64405867
Fp_neg 32674344
Fp_red 82932650
Fp_sqr 65017601
Fp_sub 202650882
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 573021
FqX_Fq_mul 427290
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38567
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 445778
FqX_factor 140960
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 368265
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3105999
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 919103219
QV_isscalar 54420463
Q_abs 8078370
Q_abs_shallow 120239
Qtoss 35364
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619940
RgC_gtofp 34036840
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9955281
RgM_fpnorml2 22655
RgM_gtofp 8258293
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22226916
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 141994
RgV_is_ZV 32096668
RgV_isin 110158
RgV_isin_i 110158
RgV_isscalar 1210269
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127635
RgX_coeff 2889731
RgX_copy 102503852
RgX_div 6998185
RgX_equal_var 26880489
RgX_fpnorml2 61609
RgX_gtofp 7164735
RgX_is_QX 399944
RgX_is_ZX 22316395
RgX_is_monomial 1326875
RgX_is_rational 68159
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479436
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479436
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451109
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697473
ZM_ZV_mod 610719
ZM_hnfrem 401398
ZM_lll 7136654
ZV_ZV_mod 8147239
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23675039
ZV_to_zv 3211716
ZXQ_mul 2166232
ZXQ_sqr 960596
ZX_equal1 10488
ZX_is_monic 7319850
ZX_renormalize 157592098
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 509451
abgrp_get_cyc 12231205
abgrp_get_gen 1765038
abgrp_get_no 406734
absfrac 47729484
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 541680
addmuliu_inplace 59570119
affc_fixlg 249621
affgr 899608
bid_get_MOD 2157249
bid_get_U 3680227
bid_get_arch 41188
bid_get_archp 2397063
bid_get_cyc 5739774
bid_get_fact 2498908
bid_get_fact2 2201565
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804628
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521919
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157977
bin_copy 472931025
bit_accuracy 3146361728
bit_accuracy_mul 3175715
bit_prec 143402391
bnf_get_clgp 5375485
bnf_get_cyc 3686614
bnf_get_fu 25859
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289080
bnf_get_gen 1680326
bnf_get_logfu 2874748
bnf_get_nf 9866314
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367777
bnf_get_tuN 282997
bnf_get_tuU 303578
bnr_get_bid 2046085
bnr_get_bnf 3710933
bnr_get_clgp 2830257
bnr_get_cyc 2522584
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77119
bnr_get_nf 1399072
bnr_get_no 277487
both_odd 123128436
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10157
cgetc 975459
cgiv 105493278
checkell_i 8103999
closure_arity 356651712
closure_codestr 306243537
closure_get_code 28
closure_get_data 306190822
closure_get_dbg 13660
closure_get_frame 14677707
closure_get_oper 306217150
closure_get_text 37150
closure_is_variadic 45926676
col_ei 5925270
coltrunc_init 740257
const_col 9730112
const_vec 34628558
const_vecsmall 18860447
constant_coeff 1442670
cxcompotor 18237676
cxnorm 94251544
cxtofp 9093007
cxtoreal 337206
cyc_get_expo 2757533
cyclic_perm 99932
dbllog2r 94340849
degpol 5495702210
div_content 58513
divsBIL 8241313349
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 17049219
ell_get_a2 11108734
ell_get_a3 12863784
ell_get_a4 10325152
ell_get_a6 10371112
ell_get_b2 7371418
ell_get_b4 2550293
ell_get_b6 3863192
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11018467
ell_get_c6 13474212
ell_get_disc 16814872
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 14945997
ell_is_inf 50225975
ellff_get_a4a6 551487
ellff_get_field 1790669
ellinf 913933
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027224
equali1 1171418793
equalim1 139546580
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62596
gaddgs 123271961
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15491
gal_get_group 80415
gal_get_invvdm 27874
gal_get_mod 23870
gal_get_orders 6706
gal_get_p 6118
gal_get_pol 36428
gal_get_roots 32844
gc_GEN 246863518
gc_INT 4138635251
gc_INT_affii 11579933
gc_all 102446989
gc_leaf 1157906424
gc_slice 2211594
gc_upto 1972583955
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761921
gdivsg 561181
gen_I 1268888
gener_Fq_local 29946
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1928698
get_F2x_mod 3307773
get_F2x_var 2168864
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 81508146
get_Flx_mod 25495035
get_Flx_var 68238390
get_FlxqX_degree 317580
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264435
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6969221
get_FpX_mod 3387868
get_FpX_var 6952558
gisdouble 2996555
gmax_shallow 13510227
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 899711
gminsg 0
gmulgs 23875736
gmulgu 283360013
gsubgs 1731933
gtodouble 66248598
gtofp 257202524
gtomp 22428
gtos 85866113
gtou 100693
guncloneNULL 49831685
guncloneNULL_deep 1513789
gval 6230
hash_str 2779149
hash_str_len 31617973
icopy_avma 8056147842
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 138816
identity_ZV 8120
identity_perm 3243326
identity_zv 3267689
inf_get_sign 1453215
inv_content 0
is_bigint 574396879
is_const_t 5003469544
is_extscalar_t 6904
is_intreal_t 9713293
is_matvec_t 743966237
is_noncalc_t 88515583
is_pm1 2216893501
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5017841
is_real_t 61900626
is_recursive_t 9110960796
is_scalar_t 403952144
is_universal_constant 326659902
is_vec_t 44050553
isint1 17994650
isintm1 6086949
isintzero 2849581493
ismpzero 9713195
isonstack 8359132248
killblock 1959510
leading_coeff 169344273
leafcopy_avma 593683001
lg_increase 438265075
lgcols 352748559
lgpol 2616562994
lincombii 38272338
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 755008
matpascal 4683
matslice 16824788
mkcol 10654050
mkcol2 157004524
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33588
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 92018540
mkerr 0
mkfrac 42556914
mkfraccopy 5006731
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8066897
mkintmodu 1834
mkmat 4780966
mkmat2 33655999
mkmat22 50253796
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122294
mkmoo 108882
mkoo 1332095
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3075566
mkqfb 27928861
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698439
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 68868541
mkvec2 214041944
mkvec2copy 114530
mkvec2s 220736
mkvec3 117724349
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10150274
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15187591
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122528
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 140348490
mkvecsmall2 256930275
mkvecsmall3 103253054
mkvecsmall4 18649535
mkvecsmall5 1718778
modpr_get_T 13867093
modpr_get_p 1887627
modpr_get_pr 31236504
mul_content 2657497
mul_denom 10753482
mulsubii 3893553
nbits2extraprec 1497555322
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12755878
nbits2prec 189013135
nbrows 158347257
nchar2nlong 127834900
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41584
ndec2prec 33314
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26300
nf_get_G 304855
nf_get_M 21741273
nf_get_Tr 23345
nf_get_degree 71377364
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 463581
nf_get_index 3711974
nf_get_invzk 9774546
nf_get_pol 98120996
nf_get_r1 23466148
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64644
nf_get_roots 1628886
nf_get_roundG 1748540
nf_get_sign 519596
nf_get_varn 1503718
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5462168
nf_get_zkprimpart 5416378
normalize_frac 17568059
odd 2124139930
pari_calloc 48043
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2876
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20025
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 487295299
pari_malloc 723387205
pari_realloc 1887
pari_realloc_ip 2340519
pari_stack_alloc 1005932290
pari_stack_base 1011823542
pari_stack_delete 5892315
pari_stack_init 6332161
pari_stack_new 910615202
pari_stack_pushp 5842
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 3747395
perm_mul 80947669
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 17364379
pol0_Flx 111657830
pol1_F2x 4769925
pol1_Flx 55720583
pol_0 27168510
pol_1 3752537
pol_x 3865096
pol_xn 2253485
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1079120
polx_Flx 37497553
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 620095
powii 43130174
pr_get_e 16167453
pr_get_f 26444434
pr_get_gen 12072377
pr_get_p 92761267
pr_get_tau 49773772
pr_is_inert 17224310
pr_norm 1090604
prec2lg 4567036372
prec2nbits 106958672
prec2nbits_mul 581095
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 476408
qfb_disc 18502476
qfb_disc3 4995375
qfb_is_qfi 64521091
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 8150664986
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763873
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14758526
rowslice 79435368
rowslicepermute 234404
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 11434254
shallowcopy 27896899
sqrfrac 4201805
sqrti 6612819
sqrtnr 2810808
sqrtr 87177725
sstoQ 1097313
sturm 385
submulii 31985063
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60085459
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 2088990
upr_norm 346136
uutoQ 1602144
vec_append 3468999
vec_ei 1714741
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 313912
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11556
vec_to_vecsmall 4040791
veclast 9374245
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 21109409
vecreverse 697305
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 657257138
vecslicepermute 2858361
vecsmall_append 4114711
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464562
vecsmall_copy 7341244
vecsmall_ei 585138
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043255
vecsmall_max 1177252
vecsmall_min 3710
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186977
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75750
vecsmall_to_col 7925110
vecsmall_to_vec 578043
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78751437
vecsmalltrunc_append 100703887
vecsmalltrunc_init 241127516
vecsplice 384994
vectrunc_append 15855681
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11768719
zc_to_ZC 7910565
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845283
zero_F2v 3656644
zero_F2x 1181
zero_Flm 2830936
zero_Flm_copy 238309
zero_Flv 61994017
zero_Flx 3255795
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 39512846
zero_zx 0
zerocol 125185931
zeromat 108973
zeromatcopy 14379281
zeropadic 857476
zeropadic_shallow 17150
zeropol 12889500
zeroser 138992
zerovec 29348340
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38658713
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7982108
znstar_get_conreygen 3290526
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7334819
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 1687969
zv_to_ZV 569244
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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