Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30590-f14e077362) Lines: 1420 1535 92.5 %
Date: 2026-01-01 09:21:12 Functions: 649 707 91.8 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8038692
F2m_copy 200475
F2m_flip 1554229
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12353798
F2v_coeff 661319131
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1554229
F2v_set 101403487
F2v_to_F2x 37788
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12353798
F2x_coeff 667896221
F2x_copy 60490473
F2x_div 1571076
F2x_equal 4665477
F2x_equal1 2874255
F2x_flip 1554229
F2x_renormalize 115275840
F2x_set 124758871
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255921
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6433383
Flm_row 8741353
Flv_copy 2555089
Flx_constant 334029
Flx_copy 173157551
Flx_div 1997978
Flx_div_pre 21685159
Flx_equal1 8330165
Flx_lead 978796
Flx_mulu 1105434
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165412
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4694149
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849917
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5581157
FpX_renormalize 144207413
Fp_add 181142122
Fp_addmul 11262165
Fp_center 77166219
Fp_center_i 18016291
Fp_div 15034710
Fp_divu 15129185
Fp_double 20932770
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23438308
Fp_invsafe 1100356
Fp_mul 200782146
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 68251390
Fp_neg 31479506
Fp_red 82191935
Fp_sqr 63968593
Fp_sub 203338647
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 571431
FqX_Fq_mul 427293
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38567
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 444660
FqX_factor 140946
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 367697
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106371
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 961750582
QV_isscalar 54414188
Q_abs 8062646
Q_abs_shallow 120234
Qtoss 35322
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619838
RgC_gtofp 34028428
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9741366
RgM_fpnorml2 22662
RgM_gtofp 8257583
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22172084
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 140726
RgV_is_ZV 32158323
RgV_isin 110144
RgV_isin_i 110144
RgV_isscalar 1210276
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127635
RgX_coeff 2669861
RgX_copy 103406485
RgX_div 7000642
RgX_equal_var 26883014
RgX_fpnorml2 61495
RgX_gtofp 7144873
RgX_is_QX 399935
RgX_is_ZX 22423132
RgX_is_monomial 1331319
RgX_is_rational 68166
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479366
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479366
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451032
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10695901
ZM_ZV_mod 596493
ZM_hnfrem 363798
ZM_lll 7116235
ZV_ZV_mod 8131479
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23233870
ZV_to_zv 3211407
ZXQ_mul 2161296
ZXQ_sqr 960425
ZX_equal1 12850
ZX_is_monic 7374311
ZX_renormalize 154971322
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 458706
abgrp_get_cyc 12230800
abgrp_get_gen 1765021
abgrp_get_no 354943
absfrac 46638555
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 535771
addmuliu_inplace 59709085
affc_fixlg 249623
affgr 898866
bid_get_MOD 2157249
bid_get_U 3680227
bid_get_arch 41187
bid_get_archp 2397120
bid_get_cyc 5739822
bid_get_fact 2498920
bid_get_fact2 2201571
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804679
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521922
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157974
bin_copy 495980278
bit_accuracy 3156198771
bit_accuracy_mul 3175472
bit_prec 142792025
bnf_get_clgp 5374988
bnf_get_cyc 3686140
bnf_get_fu 25859
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289080
bnf_get_gen 1680306
bnf_get_logfu 2874761
bnf_get_nf 9863865
bnf_get_no 8365
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367774
bnf_get_tuN 282995
bnf_get_tuU 303573
bnr_get_bid 2046093
bnr_get_bnf 3751369
bnr_get_clgp 2830260
bnr_get_cyc 2522578
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77119
bnr_get_nf 1368104
bnr_get_no 277489
both_odd 123778537
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10166
cgetc 975460
cgiv 102260455
checkell_i 5593214
closure_arity 371213271
closure_codestr 321327088
closure_get_code 0
closure_get_data 321306900
closure_get_dbg 13621
closure_get_frame 14157541
closure_get_oper 321323976
closure_get_text 37051
closure_is_variadic 44788706
col_ei 5924576
coltrunc_init 740250
const_col 9729648
const_vec 34471181
const_vecsmall 19699655
constant_coeff 1441146
cxcompotor 18210429
cxnorm 91199470
cxtofp 9079350
cxtoreal 337207
cyc_get_expo 2757554
cyclic_perm 99911
dbllog2r 92816001
degpol 5491118017
div_content 58517
divsBIL 8086905131
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 8997077
ell_get_a2 7106184
ell_get_a3 8814044
ell_get_a4 8536725
ell_get_a6 10370963
ell_get_b2 7371024
ell_get_b4 2550216
ell_get_b6 3863115
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11017758
ell_get_c6 13474120
ell_get_disc 16815152
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 12498817
ell_is_inf 52378666
ellff_get_a4a6 800024
ellff_get_field 2036857
ellinf 1869712
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027224
equali1 1174210639
equalim1 139505282
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62522
gaddgs 123248636
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15435
gal_get_group 80388
gal_get_invvdm 27874
gal_get_mod 23758
gal_get_orders 6678
gal_get_p 6006
gal_get_pol 36316
gal_get_roots 32732
gc_GEN 255452715
gc_INT 4106472711
gc_INT_affii 8489013
gc_all 109627356
gc_leaf 1136263330
gc_slice 2204118
gc_upto 1951835838
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761923
gdivsg 531591
gen_I 1269706
gener_Fq_local 29946
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1929036
get_F2x_mod 2499289
get_F2x_var 2533969
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 82595425
get_Flx_mod 25593179
get_Flx_var 68347302
get_FlxqX_degree 317565
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264420
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6424351
get_FpX_mod 3394361
get_FpX_var 6957865
gisdouble 2991363
gmax_shallow 13510199
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 877657
gminsg 0
gmulgs 22522181
gmulgu 282059384
gsubgs 1724808
gtodouble 60779886
gtofp 254293945
gtomp 22428
gtos 85855677
gtou 99532
guncloneNULL 47930116
guncloneNULL_deep 1434428
gval 6230
hash_str 2756814
hash_str_len 31544569
icopy_avma 8035280224
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 138460
identity_ZV 8113
identity_perm 3241079
identity_zv 3265429
inf_get_sign 1452878
inv_content 0
is_bigint 562893043
is_const_t 4893768186
is_extscalar_t 6876
is_intreal_t 9585817
is_matvec_t 659325998
is_noncalc_t 85875105
is_pm1 2203178179
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5032298
is_real_t 62062463
is_recursive_t 9233775798
is_scalar_t 375661325
is_universal_constant 325753272
is_vec_t 43939509
isint1 17584742
isintm1 5710177
isintzero 2842192443
ismpzero 9585694
isonstack 8265386610
killblock 1919900
leading_coeff 170259870
leafcopy_avma 577304569
lg_increase 313184177
lgcols 350598117
lgpol 2686112788
lincombii 38205880
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 754834
matpascal 3983
matslice 16818002
mkcol 10639866
mkcol2 156796306
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33538
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 91605625
mkerr 0
mkfrac 41635778
mkfraccopy 4999451
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8092592
mkintmodu 1813
mkmat 4750878
mkmat2 33652069
mkmat22 50251311
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122233
mkmoo 108779
mkoo 1331845
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3103724
mkqfb 27927187
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698439
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 71113065
mkvec2 184397457
mkvec2copy 114510
mkvec2s 220243
mkvec3 118789417
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10093621
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15185643
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122521
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 131630181
mkvecsmall2 234840087
mkvecsmall3 104161426
mkvecsmall4 18656449
mkvecsmall5 1717477
modpr_get_T 13867426
modpr_get_p 1888404
modpr_get_pr 31237638
mul_content 2654234
mul_denom 10710860
mulsubii 3881454
nbits2extraprec 1456752653
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12747932
nbits2prec 186107925
nbrows 157431996
nchar2nlong 127381350
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41549
ndec2prec 33279
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26300
nf_get_G 303761
nf_get_M 21307033
nf_get_Tr 22081
nf_get_degree 71363177
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 463474
nf_get_index 3711333
nf_get_invzk 9767342
nf_get_pol 98072657
nf_get_r1 23027405
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64645
nf_get_roots 1627788
nf_get_roundG 1747091
nf_get_sign 519544
nf_get_varn 1503551
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5463117
nf_get_zkprimpart 5417371
normalize_frac 17205096
odd 2088470191
pari_calloc 47713
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 84
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2862
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20018
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 238
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 509348122
pari_malloc 745240983
pari_realloc 1890
pari_realloc_ip 2255660
pari_stack_alloc 1019455975
pari_stack_base 1025002730
pari_stack_delete 5580138
pari_stack_init 6050661
pari_stack_new 924767260
pari_stack_pushp 5851
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 2781895
perm_mul 80893217
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 13245860
pol0_Flx 103475276
pol1_F2x 3957477
pol1_Flx 55051467
pol_0 82996650
pol_1 3755702
pol_x 3856848
pol_xn 2249273
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1078679
polx_Flx 37479575
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 1561
powii 43126824
pr_get_e 16101631
pr_get_f 26341341
pr_get_gen 12066903
pr_get_p 92474384
pr_get_tau 49563762
pr_is_inert 17145619
pr_norm 1089334
prec2lg 4468002384
prec2nbits 103959449
prec2nbits_mul 581166
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 475374
qfb_disc 18502528
qfb_disc3 4994549
qfb_is_qfi 62325445
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 7996002568
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763885
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14704769
rowslice 79316047
rowslicepermute 184563
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 10120284
shallowcopy 27626266
sqrfrac 4148164
sqrti 6664679
sqrtnr 2809004
sqrtr 80367100
sstoQ 1097215
sturm 385
submulii 32838828
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60198448
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 1713182
upr_norm 346135
uutoQ 1600198
vec_append 3465070
vec_ei 1713875
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 313994
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11557
vec_to_vecsmall 4036625
veclast 9372680
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 20540764
vecreverse 697276
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 656148144
vecslicepermute 2688766
vecsmall_append 4099606
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464238
vecsmall_copy 4403808
vecsmall_ei 584719
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043173
vecsmall_max 1164187
vecsmall_min 2345
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186970
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75638
vecsmall_to_col 7838042
vecsmall_to_vec 511781
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78697914
vecsmalltrunc_append 100839528
vecsmalltrunc_init 188072433
vecsplice 384911
vectrunc_append 15851147
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11769081
zc_to_ZC 7823861
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845046
zero_F2v 3647663
zero_F2x 1350
zero_Flm 2829140
zero_Flm_copy 238202
zero_Flv 59654588
zero_Flx 1426755
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 36732130
zero_zx 0
zerocol 122316396
zeromat 109122
zeromatcopy 14248018
zeropadic 855681
zeropadic_shallow 17024
zeropol 42353980
zeroser 138908
zerovec 28453479
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38655073
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7979693
znstar_get_conreygen 3290176
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7331711
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 2183829
zv_to_ZV 502982
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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