Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30651-3e52073f6d) Lines: 1420 1535 92.5 %
Date: 2026-01-28 09:23:10 Functions: 649 707 91.8 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8038647
F2m_copy 200439
F2m_flip 1554224
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12353861
F2v_coeff 661320771
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1554224
F2v_set 101403463
F2v_to_F2x 37921
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12353853
F2x_coeff 668022920
F2x_copy 60467745
F2x_div 1570686
F2x_equal 4663367
F2x_equal1 2874075
F2x_flip 1554224
F2x_renormalize 115310049
F2x_set 124817614
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255861
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6433520
Flm_row 8741744
Flv_copy 2555079
Flx_constant 334019
Flx_copy 173204131
Flx_div 1997992
Flx_div_pre 21691288
Flx_equal1 8330053
Flx_lead 979289
Flx_mulu 1105462
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165412
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4694190
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849917
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5581195
FpX_renormalize 144207345
Fp_add 181023435
Fp_addmul 11222004
Fp_center 77233356
Fp_center_i 18041730
Fp_div 15034937
Fp_divu 15129548
Fp_double 20799982
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23440047
Fp_invsafe 1100355
Fp_mul 200743939
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 67401656
Fp_neg 31485148
Fp_red 82190444
Fp_sqr 63570661
Fp_sub 202498551
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 571634
FqX_Fq_mul 427295
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38568
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 444762
FqX_factor 140946
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 367712
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106503
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 961897718
QV_isscalar 54415284
Q_abs 8062678
Q_abs_shallow 120223
Qtoss 35322
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619842
RgC_gtofp 34028537
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9741793
RgM_fpnorml2 22662
RgM_gtofp 8257643
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22179157
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 140735
RgV_is_ZV 32158275
RgV_isin 110144
RgV_isin_i 110144
RgV_isscalar 1210267
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127635
RgX_coeff 2669861
RgX_copy 103406787
RgX_div 7000642
RgX_equal_var 26883021
RgX_fpnorml2 61600
RgX_gtofp 7145362
RgX_is_QX 399927
RgX_is_ZX 22423285
RgX_is_monomial 1331341
RgX_is_rational 68163
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479366
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479366
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451013
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697324
ZM_ZV_mod 596484
ZM_hnfrem 363759
ZM_lll 7117554
ZV_ZV_mod 8131470
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23674931
ZV_to_zv 3211407
ZXQ_mul 2161176
ZXQ_sqr 960452
ZX_equal1 12850
ZX_is_monic 7374329
ZX_renormalize 154986528
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 457640
abgrp_get_cyc 12230800
abgrp_get_gen 1765016
abgrp_get_no 354947
absfrac 46638726
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 535889
addmuliu_inplace 59707935
affc_fixlg 249623
affgr 898901
bid_get_MOD 2157258
bid_get_U 3680232
bid_get_arch 41187
bid_get_archp 2397129
bid_get_cyc 5739816
bid_get_fact 2498928
bid_get_fact2 2201579
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804681
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521920
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157987
bin_copy 496054613
bit_accuracy 3160158878
bit_accuracy_mul 3175484
bit_prec 143238777
bnf_get_clgp 5374987
bnf_get_cyc 3686146
bnf_get_fu 25859
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289088
bnf_get_gen 1680304
bnf_get_logfu 2874761
bnf_get_nf 9865153
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367771
bnf_get_tuN 283003
bnf_get_tuU 303587
bnr_get_bid 2046096
bnr_get_bnf 3710951
bnr_get_clgp 2830240
bnr_get_cyc 2522564
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77119
bnr_get_nf 1399077
bnr_get_no 277487
both_odd 124102604
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10166
cgetc 975458
cgiv 102677772
checkell_i 5593275
closure_arity 372490965
closure_codestr 322083323
closure_get_code 0
closure_get_data 322037504
closure_get_dbg 13635
closure_get_frame 14715136
closure_get_oper 322060101
closure_get_text 37079
closure_is_variadic 45903089
col_ei 5924481
coltrunc_init 740250
const_col 9729676
const_vec 34564421
const_vecsmall 19706241
constant_coeff 1441425
cxcompotor 18210701
cxnorm 91198046
cxtofp 9079444
cxtoreal 337205
cyc_get_expo 2757545
cyclic_perm 99911
dbllog2r 92815409
degpol 5491330232
div_content 58504
divsBIL 8091871519
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 8997093
ell_get_a2 7106197
ell_get_a3 8814061
ell_get_a4 8536738
ell_get_a6 10370976
ell_get_b2 7371026
ell_get_b4 2550216
ell_get_b6 3863115
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11018189
ell_get_c6 13474597
ell_get_disc 16815359
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 12498948
ell_is_inf 52369835
ellff_get_a4a6 800039
ellff_get_field 2036898
ellinf 1869886
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027240
equali1 1174276779
equalim1 139505279
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62551
gaddgs 123248628
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15435
gal_get_group 80388
gal_get_invvdm 27874
gal_get_mod 23758
gal_get_orders 6678
gal_get_p 6006
gal_get_pol 36316
gal_get_roots 32732
gc_GEN 255541799
gc_INT 4110934987
gc_INT_affii 8486957
gc_all 109635507
gc_leaf 1136573792
gc_slice 2204173
gc_upto 1954430575
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761920
gdivsg 531592
gen_I 1269728
gener_Fq_local 29946
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1929216
get_F2x_mod 2499380
get_F2x_var 2534289
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 82228794
get_Flx_mod 25595943
get_Flx_var 68355025
get_FlxqX_degree 317565
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264420
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6424428
get_FpX_mod 3394395
get_FpX_var 6957825
gisdouble 2995575
gmax_shallow 13510199
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 877809
gminsg 0
gmulgs 22555511
gmulgu 282059384
gsubgs 1724813
gtodouble 60779879
gtofp 254308947
gtomp 22428
gtos 85855651
gtou 100716
guncloneNULL 48004922
guncloneNULL_deep 1491261
gval 6230
hash_str 2760615
hash_str_len 31629544
icopy_avma 8039643492
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 138440
identity_ZV 8113
identity_perm 3241146
identity_zv 3265496
inf_get_sign 1452925
inv_content 0
is_bigint 563368076
is_const_t 4898414129
is_extscalar_t 6876
is_intreal_t 9584540
is_matvec_t 659510333
is_noncalc_t 85871021
is_pm1 2205263912
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5032567
is_real_t 62062468
is_recursive_t 9238593028
is_scalar_t 375657954
is_universal_constant 326504596
is_vec_t 43960882
isint1 17584924
isintm1 5710283
isintzero 2843496599
ismpzero 9584436
isonstack 8273690678
killblock 1948395
leading_coeff 170223582
leafcopy_avma 577411112
lg_increase 321472462
lgcols 351595674
lgpol 2687268787
lincombii 38223072
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 754833
matpascal 3983
matslice 16818691
mkcol 10639647
mkcol2 156900587
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33554
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 91609819
mkerr 0
mkfrac 41636884
mkfraccopy 4999785
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8092571
mkintmodu 1813
mkmat 4750968
mkmat2 33654298
mkmat22 50284581
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122274
mkmoo 108801
mkoo 1331862
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3103724
mkqfb 27929802
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698439
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 71223206
mkvec2 186116840
mkvec2copy 114530
mkvec2s 220250
mkvec3 117868657
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10093906
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15185607
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122521
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 131661361
mkvecsmall2 234942038
mkvecsmall3 104179913
mkvecsmall4 18666839
mkvecsmall5 1717542
modpr_get_T 13867142
modpr_get_p 1887626
modpr_get_pr 31236623
mul_content 2657086
mul_denom 10707627
mulsubii 3881783
nbits2extraprec 1457997146
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12760209
nbits2prec 186118317
nbrows 157456518
nchar2nlong 127555461
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41584
ndec2prec 33314
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26300
nf_get_G 304858
nf_get_M 21745686
nf_get_Tr 22083
nf_get_degree 71369021
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 463474
nf_get_index 3711354
nf_get_invzk 9767450
nf_get_pol 98107177
nf_get_r1 23466076
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64643
nf_get_roots 1628922
nf_get_roundG 1748162
nf_get_sign 519553
nf_get_varn 1503774
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5459768
nf_get_zkprimpart 5413930
normalize_frac 17205859
odd 2090087354
pari_calloc 47720
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2862
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20018
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 509533000
pari_malloc 745484075
pari_realloc 1890
pari_realloc_ip 2349869
pari_stack_alloc 1022135394
pari_stack_base 1027963545
pari_stack_delete 5830391
pari_stack_init 6352496
pari_stack_new 926878365
pari_stack_pushp 5851
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 2781836
perm_mul 80892688
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 13254915
pol0_Flx 103501507
pol1_F2x 3959537
pol1_Flx 55060057
pol_0 82996848
pol_1 3755753
pol_x 3857194
pol_xn 2249275
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1078499
polx_Flx 37487176
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 1561
powii 43130356
pr_get_e 16161624
pr_get_f 26442466
pr_get_gen 12070921
pr_get_p 92749433
pr_get_tau 49767638
pr_is_inert 17223855
pr_norm 1090454
prec2lg 4467326625
prec2nbits 103962679
prec2nbits_mul 581166
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 475393
qfb_disc 18502506
qfb_disc3 4995834
qfb_is_qfi 62316207
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 8000770393
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763908
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14704898
rowslice 79319273
rowslicepermute 184991
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 10120284
shallowcopy 27631361
sqrfrac 4148145
sqrti 6610113
sqrtnr 2810096
sqrtr 80368072
sstoQ 1097215
sturm 385
submulii 31982591
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60201188
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 1722585
upr_norm 346134
uutoQ 1600198
vec_append 3464648
vec_ei 1713884
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 314001
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11556
vec_to_vecsmall 4036628
veclast 9372739
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 20546604
vecreverse 697277
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 655953134
vecslicepermute 2689916
vecsmall_append 4099182
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464246
vecsmall_copy 4403969
vecsmall_ei 584713
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043244
vecsmall_max 1164179
vecsmall_min 2345
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186970
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75639
vecsmall_to_col 7838584
vecsmall_to_vec 511781
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78697433
vecsmalltrunc_append 100920575
vecsmalltrunc_init 191846296
vecsplice 384912
vectrunc_append 15852026
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11765584
zc_to_ZC 7824404
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845047
zero_F2v 3647707
zero_F2x 1350
zero_Flm 2829111
zero_Flm_copy 238227
zero_Flv 59676637
zero_Flx 1426748
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 36735632
zero_zx 0
zerocol 122326296
zeromat 109109
zeromatcopy 14249510
zeropadic 855592
zeropadic_shallow 17024
zeropol 42354045
zeroser 138908
zerovec 28453603
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38655073
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7979693
znstar_get_conreygen 3290176
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7331711
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 2183826
zv_to_ZV 502982
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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